How To Detect Counterfeit US Dollar ( USD )

The public has a role in maintaining the integrity of U.S. currency. You can help guard against the threat from counterfeiters by becoming more familiar with United States currency.

Look at the money you receive. Compare a suspect note with a genuine note of the same denomination and series, paying attention to the quality of printing and paper characteristics. Look for differences, not similarities.

Portrait
The genuine portrait appears lifelike and stands out distinctly from the background. The counterfeit portrait is usually lifeless and flat. Details merge into the background which is often too dark or mottled.

Federal Reserve and Treasury Seals
On a genuine bill, the saw-tooth points of the Federal Reserve and Treasury seals are clear, distinct, and sharp. The counterfeit seals may have uneven, blunt, or broken saw-tooth points.

Border
The fine lines in the border of a genuine bill are clear and unbroken. On the counterfeit, the lines in the outer margin and scrollwork may be blurred and indistinct.

Serial Numbers
Genuine serial numbers have a distinctive style and are evenly spaced. The serial numbers are printed in the same ink color as the Treasury Seal. On a counterfeit, the serial numbers may differ in color or shade of ink from the Treasury seal. The numbers may not be uniformly spaced or aligned.

Paper
Genuine currency paper has tiny red and blue fibers embedded throughout. Often counterfeiters try to simulate these fibers by printing tiny red and blue lines on their paper. Close inspection reveals, however, that on the counterfeit note the lines are printed on the surface, not embedded in the paper. It is illegal to reproduce the distinctive paper used in the manufacturing of United States currency.

Raised Notes
Genuine paper currency is sometimes altered in an attempt to increase its face value. One common method is to glue numerals from higher denomination notes to the corners of lower denomination notes.

These bills are also considered counterfeit, and those who produce them are subject to the same penalties as other counterfeiters. If you suspect you are in possession of a raised note:

• Compare the denomination numerals on each corner with the denomination written out at the bottom of the note (front and back) and through the Treasury seal.
• Compare the suspect note to a genuine note of the same denomination and series year, paying particular attention to the portrait, vignette and denomination numerals.

Design Features for Series 2004 Issued Currency

In 2004, the United States began issuing currency with a new multi-color design and additional security features. These elements were incorporated to increase the complexity of U.S. currency and attempt to thwart counterfeiting. Pre-existing security features such as the security thread, microprinting, watermark, and optically-variable ink are included in the new notes and have only changed slightly.

The New Design
The 2004 style of U.S. currency has the same historical figures and national symbols as the older series notes, in addition to having the same size and texture of the older bills. However, there are several new features that are unique to the 2004 style notes:

• A new offset-printed multi-colored background
• A slightly off-center borderless portrait
• An iconic symbol to the right of the portait printed in metallic pigmented ink
• A new color-shift in the optically variable ink (OVI), from Copper to Green, when looking at the number in the lower right-hand corner of the bill when viewed from different angles
• The security thread is identical except for the $50 bill where it is 50% wider and in a slightly different position.
• Microprinting appears in different areas on each of the denominations.

Although all denominations of currency beginning with series 1996 have security features, the number of features will vary according to the note’s denomination and series.

Paper (Series 2004)
As with prior Series currency, the distinctive red and blue fibers are present, beneath the colored ink in the background. As with 1996 style currency, each denomination bears a watermark depicting the same historical figure as the portrait, positioned to the right of the portrait beneath the multi-colored ink. In the $10 bill, a hole in the multi-colored background permits easier viewing of the red and blue security fibers and the watermark.
If you doubt that a bill is genuine, ask the United States Secret Service, your bank or your local police department.

Design Features For Series 1996-2003A Issued Currency

Due to increasing sophistication in the printing industry, the United States began issuing currency with a new design and additional security features. These elements were incorporated to make U.S. currency easier to recognize as genuine and more secure against advanced reproduction technology that could be used for counterfeiting. Pre-existing security features such as the security thread and microprinting are included in the 1996 style notes and only changed slightly. This 1996 Style was implemented into the 1996, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2003A Series for denominations between $5 and $100.

The 1996 Design
The 1996 style currency has the same historical figures and national symbols as the older series notes, in addition to having the same color, size, and texture of the older bills. However, there are several new features that are unique to the 1996 style notes:

• A larger, slightly off-center portrait that incorporates more detail.
• A watermark of the figure in the portrait.
• New serial numbers that consist of two prefix letters, eight numbers, and a one-letter suffix. The first letter of the prefix designates the series (for example, series 1996 is designated by the letter A). The second letter of the prefix designates the Federal Reserve Bank where the note was issued.
• A universal Federal Reserve seal rather than individual seals for each Reserve Bank.
• The security thread indicating the bill’s denomination is now located in a different position on each denomination. The inscribed security thread in the 1996 style also includes a flag in all denominations except the $100 bill. Additionally, the 1996 style thread fluoresces in ultraviolet light. The fluorescence color is unique for each denomination.
• Optically variable ink (OVI) changes from green to black in the number in the lower right-hand corner of the bill when viewed from different angles, in all notes of this style except the $5 bill.
• Microprinting appears in different areas on each of the denominations.
• On both sides of the Federal Reserve Note, the background of the portrait and back design incorporate fine-line printing that is difficult to resolve on digital imaging equipment.

Although all denominations of currency beginning with series 1996 have security features, the number of features will vary according to the note’s denomination and series. However, the basic appearance of all denominations will not vary.

Paper (Series 1996)
Beginning with Series 1996, each denomination bears a watermark depicting the same historical figure as the portrait, positioned to the right of the portrait.As with prior Series currency, the distinctive red and blue fibers are present.
If you doubt that a bill is genuine, ask the United States Secret Service, your bank, or your local police department.

Design Features for Series 1990-1995 Issued Currency

Due to increases in color copier technology, two security features were added to Series 1990, 1993 and 1995 U.S. currency. These new features appeared in denominations $5 through $100. Existing currency and the new series will co-circulate until existing currency is withdrawn at the Federal Reserve banks and branches.

Inscribed Security Thread

A clear, inscribed polyester thread has been incorporated into the paper of genuine currency. The thread is embedded in the paper and runs vertically through the clear field to the left of the Federal Reserve Seal.

Printed on the thread is a denomination identifier. On $100 and $50 denominations, the security thread has “USA 100” or “USA 50” repeated along the entire length of the thread. Lower denominations (i.e. $20, $10 and $5) have “USA” followed by the written denomination. For example, “USA TWENTY USA TWENTY” is repeated along the entire length of the thread.

The inscriptions are printed so that they can be read from either the face or the back of the note. The thread and the printing can only be seen by holding the note up to a light source.

 Microprinting

Concurrent with the addition of the security thread, a line of microprinting appears on the rim of the portrait reading “THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” and is repeated along the sides of the portrait.

To the naked eye, the microprinting appears as little more than a solid line and can only be read by using magnification. Microprinting cannot be accurately reproduced by office machine copiers or printers.

Advanced Technologies in Counterfeiting

Counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in history. It was a serious problem during the 19th century when banks issued their own U.S. currency. At the time of the Civil War, it was estimated that one-third of all currency in circulation was counterfeit.

At that time, there were approximately 1,600 state banks designing and printing their own notes. Each note carried a different design, making it difficult to distinguish the 4,000 varieties of counterfeits from the 7,000 varieties of genuine notes.

It was anticipated that the adoption of a national currency in 1863 would solve the counterfeiting problem. However, the national currency was soon counterfeited so extensively it became necessary for the government to take enforcement measures. On July 5, 1865, the United States Secret Service was established to suppress counterfeiting.

Although counterfeiting has been substantially curtailed since the creation of the Secret Service, this crime continues to represent a potential danger to the nation’s economy and its citizens. Production methods used in counterfeiting operations have evolved over the years from the traditional method of offset printing to color copiers and, more recently, to scanners, computers and inkjet printers.

The Secret Service has noted that many of today’s counterfeiters have moved from the traditional method of offset printing, which has its own set of required skills, to computer-generated counterfeiting. Today’s counterfeiter is able to produce counterfeit currency with basic computer training and skills afforded by trial and error, and public education. Counterfeit passing statistics are likely to increase because of several factors: these instruments of production are more readily available, the capabilities of these machines continue to improve and the techniques are more readily understood by an increasingly larger segment of the population, including those with criminal intent.

The United States Secret Service remains committed to zero tolerance and is determined to investigate each and every counterfeiting case. Each counterfeiting case, no matter how large or small, carries the serious consequences of incarceration and/or fines.

Characteristics of United States Paper Currency ( USD )

Three types or classes of U.S. paper currency are in use today. The most numerous–accounting for 99 percent of the total value in circulation–are Federal Reserve notes. Most of the remainder are United States notes and silver certificates, which are occasionally seen but are no longer produced.

The designation of the class to which the note belongs appears on the upper center of its face. Each type is identified by the distinctive color of its Treasury seal and serial numbers. On Federal Reserve notes these are green, on United States notes they are red, and on silver certificates they are blue.

Each denomination, regardless of class, has a prescribed portrait and back design selected by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Notes of the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 denominations have not been printed for many years and are being withdrawn from circulation. The portraits appearing on these notes are: McKinley on the $500, Cleveland on the $1,000, Madison on the $5,000 and Chase on the $10,000.

点钞机~分立式和卧式两种。
集辨伪和计数于一体，随着复印技术、印刷技术和电子扫描技术的发展，现在的伪钞制造越来越逼真，所以必须不断提高点钞机的鉴伪能力。它的结构由捻钞、接钞、出钞、机架和电子电路等六部分组成。

捻钞部分主要由滑钞板、送钞舌、阻力橡皮、落钞板、调节螺丝、捻钞胶圈等组成。将要清点的钞票逐张捻出来保证计数的准确。采用面出钞连续分级的：捻钞胶圈捻走处于表面的一张钞票，下面的钞票被阻力橡皮粘住，使上面的钞票与下面的钞票分开，来实现分张。

以目前来说，市场上点钞机的鉴别技术和种类大概分以下几种：
一、最高级的鉴别能力具有小磁头4个，大磁头一个，荧光鉴别，红外鉴别。
二、中级的具有小磁头2个，大磁头一个，荧光鉴别，红外鉴别。
三、中级低的具有小磁头2个，大磁头一个，荧光鉴别能力（用蓝光代替）。
四、低级的具有大磁头一个，荧光鉴别能力（用蓝光代替）
以上几类鉴别配置的点钞机产品。

这些配置的具体检测内容和作用如下：
小磁头检测：是利用点钞机内部的磁敏传感性（磁头）来检测纸币磁性信号的有无或强弱。点钞过程中，纸币会快速通过机器的点钞通道，磁头也安装在机器通道内部，这样机器点钞时就可以检测到纸币的磁信号。通过电路对磁性信号进行分析，就可辨别钞票真假。小磁头主要处理人民币的磁图像和特征作用，4组小磁头可以处理人民币的磁图像，2组小磁头只能处理人民币的磁特征作用。

荧光检测：是针对纸质进行检测。它是利用点钞机内安装的紫光灯管，在点钞过程中灯管打开后，紫外线（波长为365nm的蓝光）照在纸币表面，如所点的是假币，就会产生“荧光效应”（在紫外线的激发下衍射出波长为420－460nm的蓝光），通过点钞机的光电接收器采集到假币所产生的荧光效应的电信，之后再经过电路处理，即能分判出所点的纸币是真是假。（但是目前市场上流通的假币大多数可以动过这种伪检方法）

大磁性检测：是指利用点钞机内部的磁敏传感性（磁头）来检测纸币安全线的信号，这样机器点钞时就能检测到纸币的安全线磁码。之后通过电路放大对磁码进行分析，就可辨别钞票真假和面额。

幅面检测：是利用点钞机内的计数传感器，来检测纸币的纸张尺寸。主要是判别所点纸币的宽度是否一致，一般假币的都会有差异。

红外穿透检测：这个是用来检测纸币的纸张质量。在纸币点验过程中，机器内部的红外传感器会发出红外光谱，对所点纸币进行测试（不同厚度和密度的纸张，对红外信号吸收能力不同），判别所点纸币厚度是否一致。一般假币的差异会大一点，真币会小很多。不过，由于纸币流通时间长，一般会受到外界的人为污染，纸币信号的特性也会发生变异，通过检测得到的信号就会出现差异，所以此方法对新的纸币有一定的鉴别效果，但对于那些用过较长时间或是污染严重的纸币在检钞过程中会出现误报现象。

线路板的作用：这是点钞机最核心的部分，所有从荧光、红外、磁性、幅面和激光检测中接收到的信息，都在线路板的芯片中进行电路处理，来判别钞票的真假并发出报告。在线路板上的芯片，内部储存有真币和假币信息，这样就可以将接收到的信息和真币信息在原有的芯片中进行对比处理，鉴别起来就更加的准确。

软件的作用：软件是点钞机的核心技术力量，识别与处理都是通过软件的远算方法，企业的技术研发体现在此，也就是谁家的假币多，鉴别能力就好。

About banknote counter~
Basic banknote counter only provide a total number of notes from the supply hopper. More advanced counters can identify different denominations to provide a total currency value of mixed banknotes. Some banknote counters even able to detect fake notes either magnetically and Black light.

Black light (UV light) based detectors exploit the fact that in many countries, genuine banknotes have reflective symbol on them that only show under a black light. Also, the paper used for printing money does not contain any of the brightening agents which make commercially available papers fluoresce under UV light. Both features make counterfeit notes both easier to detect and more difficult to successfully produce.

A stack of bank notes are placed in a compartment of the machine, and then one note at the time is passed through the machine. By counting the number of times a note is passed by a sensor, the machine can figure out how much money was placed in the compartment.

About Coin Counter ~
coin counter may refer to a device which both sorts and counts coins at the same time, or only counts presorted coins that are all the same size or value.

A typical counter of presorted coins uses a bowl with flat spinning disc at the bottom to spin coins around the bowl perimeter. An opening in the edge of the bowl is only wide enough ( according to the setting of thickness & diameter of coin ) to accept one coin at a time. Coins either pass through a light-beam counter, or are pushed through a spring loaded cam that only accepts one coin at a time.

About Auto currency detector~
Auto currency detector or Auto fake note detector is a device that determines if a piece of currency is counterfeit or not.
These devices are widely used in all the retails outlets such as Money Changers,Banks,Finance Company,Super Market,Amusement . that accept payment and dispense a product to a customer. They are also used in petro station and in supermarket.

The process involves examining the currency that has been inserted, and by using various tests ( UV,MG,IR ) determine if the currency is counterfeit. Since the parameters are different for each currency, these detectors must be programmed for each type that they are to accept.

In operation, if the note is accepted it is retained by the machine and placed in a storage device. If the item is rejected, the machine returns the note by pushes the note out and the customer must remove it from the slot in which it was placed.

CIRI-CIRI KESELAMATAN WANG KERTAS RINGGIT MALAYSIA
Untuk membantu anda mengenal pasti ketulenan wang kertas, ciri-ciri keselamatan utama wang kertas Malaysia (siri ketiga) adalah seperti berikut:

Kertas Wang kertas Ringgit Malaysia dihasilkan daripada kertas berkualiti tinggi yang diperbuat daripada kapas. Apabila disentuh, wang kertas terasa kesat sedikit dan apabila diramas pula ,hasilnya ialah bunyi kerang upanyang unik.

Potret Yang di-Pertuan Agong Potret Yang di-Pertuan Agong Pertama yang terdapat di sebelah kanan wang kertas adalah salah sesuatu ciri pencegah pemalsuan yang sukar untuk disalin atau diikut.

Potret Tanda Bayang Imej samar-samar Potret Yang di-Pertuan Agong Pertama boleh dilihat pada petak kosong di sebelah kiri wang kertas,sekiranya ditatap pada cahaya. Imej daripada cahaya ini bercorak 3 dimensi dengan alunan warna gelap dan terangyang berbeza-beza dalam keadaan lembut dan berbayang, tanpa garisan luar yang nyata.
Di bahagian bawah potret tanda bayang ini terdapat angka berkaitan.Sebagai contoh, angka 50 dipaparkan untuk denominasi RM50.

Benang Keselamatan Benang keselamatan ini ditenundi permukaan sebelah belakang wang kertas. Apabila dilihat pada cahaya,benang ini kelihatan seperti satu garisan lurus yang kehitaman dengan huruf dan nombor yang berkaitan dicetak berulang kali.
Sebagai contoh, “BNMRM50” dicetak berulang kali pada wang kertas denominasi RM50.

Ciri-ciri LEAD Di sebelah kanan wang kertas denominasi RM50 dan RM100, terdapat jalur hologram yang berkilau. Jalur hologram ini mengandungi 3 perkara,iaitu:
– Imej yang sama dengan yang terdapat di sebelah kanan potret Yang di-Pertuan Agong Pertama
– Imej yang menunjukkan angka denominasi (contoh RM50)
– Imej huruf-huruf “BNM”• Ciri-ciri PEAKCiri-ciri PEAK ini terdapat di bahagian tengah wang kertas. Apabila dilihat darisudut yang berlainan pula, angka denominasi boleh dilihat di pertengahan kotak.sebagai contohnya, angka 50 dicetak untuk wang kertas denominasi RM50.

Tanda Pandang Telus Bunga raya di bahagian atas dan bawah wang kertas adalah serupa di kedua-duabelah permukaan (depan dan belakang) wang kertas.

Cetakan Intaglio Potret Yang di-Pertuan Agong Pertama,nombor denominasi corak dan perkataan ‘BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA’ adalah dicetak dengan beberapa lapisan dakwat halus untuk menghasilkan kesan timbul.

How to identify counterfeit notes?

Quality of Paper :
Genuine notes are printed on a fine cotton weave which has a very different fibre textured feel from ordinary paper,and ordinary paper are thicker.

Watermark:
To check the watermark,you can hold the paper up to the light. Genuine notes will have the watermark in the paper. Counterfeiters will print the watermark on to the paper, it is blur and can see it clearly.

Clarity of printing:
Under close scrutiny the detail of fake notes will look messy and lack the detail that can be seen in genuine notes.

Quality of printing:
Genuine notes are printed on “intaglio” presses which raise the ink off the paper and give it a unique textured feel. If the printing on your note is flat, it could be a fake.

Metal thread:
Sometimes counterfeiters try to “hot foil” a strip onto the note – but on genuine notes this should run through the paper.

Holographic:
Real notes will have a high quality holographic, but counterfeiters try to get round this by printing an ultra fine foil on to the note.

Serial numbers:
Genuine notes have individual serial numbers. But forgers will often not bother – so if two or more of your notes have the same numbers then they’re fake. And for genuine notes like Malaysia Ringgit,the serial number at the back are reflective where the counterfeit notes are not.

Sistem Rondaan Keselamatan (Guard Tour System)

Sistem Rondaan Keselamatan ialah sebuah sistem lengkap yang digunakan oleh pengawal keselamatan. Ia dapat menghasilkan laporan secara terperinci mengenai maklumat rondaan.

Teknologi unik (touching) dan teknologi RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) digunakan oleh sistem rondaan ini. Laporan rondaan boleh dihasilkan dengan tepat dan cepat dengan mengunakan komputer.

Sistem rondaan ini biasanya digunakan di kilang-kilang, kondominium, bangunan-bangunan komersial dan kawasan perumahan. Selain daripada itu, ia juga sesuai untuk sebarang tugas yang melibatkan rondaan dan pemantauan seperti polis, tentera, rukun tetangga, hospital, lapangan terbang, pembinaan dan sebagainya.

Dengan penggunaan sistem rondaan mereka tidak boleh menipu lagi